More Greece

geography

• mountainous peninsula
• mountaisn cover 3/4 of greece
• 1,400 islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas
• Location shaped its culture
• Skilled sailors
•  Poor natural resources
• Difficult to unite the ancient Greeks becuase of the terrain; developed small, independent communities
• about 20% of the land was suitable for farming
• Fertile valleys cover 1/4 of the peninsula
• Because of geography the Greek diet consists of grains, grapes, olives
• Lack of resources most likely to led to Greek colonization
• Temperatures range from 48 in the winter to 80 in the summer- which caused more action and exercise

Mycenaens

• Began around 2000 B.C
• Mycenae is located on a rocky ridge and protected by a 20 ft. thick wall
• Mycenaean kings dominated Greece from 1600-1200 B.C. - controlled trade in the region
• 1400 B.C. Mycenaeans invaded Crete and absorbed Minoan culture and language
• Around 1200 B.C. sea people began to invade Mycenae and burnt palace after palace
• The Dorians moved into the war-torn region- far less advanced-economy collapsed- writing disappeared for 400 years

Homer and Myths

• only stories were kept and passed on by word of mouth
• Homer lived at the end of the " Greek Dark Ages" 
• Recorded stories of the Trojan War in The lliad and the Odyssey (written 750-700 B.C)
• Trojan war was probably one of the last conquests of the Mycenaeans

Greek Concepts

• Arete-virtue and excellence
• Epics- narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds
• Myths were created to explain creation- Zeus: leader of the gods-Hera: Zeus' Wife-Athena: goddess of wisdom
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"The Greeks" crucible of civilization

Greece was the birth of science and politics. We struggle to even get close to equaling the architecture that they had. warships ruled the seas. 508 BC in athens people had turned away from their rulers.Cleisthenes was brought up from birth to be a ruler. he relieved the people should have freedom. sets them on the path to empire. 570 BC he was born. he was an aristocratic (member of ruling class) .the ancient stories inspired him. the Iliad and the Odyssey were the stories that shaped him. he wanted to become a real life hero. grew under Pisistratus rule. the city changed into something very powerful. he was going to try to overthrow Hipias. Hipias was captured and banned from Athens. 510 BC and he was one of the most powerful people in Greece .people started to conspire against him. he was called from exile after they overthrew Hisagaris and asked to build an empire. he made a meeting place and rich and poor people could discuss their future. He made up democracy. they met every 9 days to discuss everything.

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modern egypt

egypts economy

• tourism
• oil, natural gas, manufacturing 
• agriculture - making the most of their limited arable land (3%)-cotton, corn, rice, wheat, fava bean
  
  

  the old pattern of dealing with the Nile [akhet (inundation), peret (land emerges from the flood), and shomu (water is short)] has been changed since the 1970 building of the Aswan High Dam . the dam controls the flooding of the Nile, and increases the amount of reclaimed land

  
  

  
  

Egypts demographics

• 79 million people - biggest population of Middle Eastern nations, third biggest African country
   

   Official language: Arabic (English, French, and German are also taught to some)

  
  

  Religion: around 90% Muslim,most of the rest are Christian (Coptic), but there are major conflicts (Egypt is 12th in religious violence, 5th worst for religious freedom)

   

   

  Egypt - politics, government, revolution

  1922 - end of protectorate with the United Kingdom

   

  1953 - Egypt declared a Republic

   

  1954-1970 - ruled by Gamal Nasser

  • nationalizes the Suez Canal
  • forms allegiance with Soviet Union

   

  1970-1981 - ruled by Anwar Sadat

  • switches allegiance to the United States
  • attacked Israel over Sinai Peninsula, but later made peace
  • Sadat assassinated in 1981

   

  1981-2011 - ruled by Hosni Mubarak

  • kept alliance w/ US (helped in the Iraq war)
  • accused of corruption, political persecution, human rights violations
  • driven from office following mass demonstrations last month
  
   

Ancient egypt cont.

soldiers had bronze, bow and arrows, chariots. upper class people were known as white kilt class. Pharaohs were all powerful. he owned all land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners. upper class people wore fake beards. Hatshepsut was a woman who served as a pharaoh. Cleopatra VII also served as pharaoh, but much later (51-30 BC).

Ancient egypt

geography-Nile, drinking, irrigation, bathing, transportation. only people with sail boats. every July it floods.every October it leaves behind rich soil. managed the river to direct it in a way they wanted called irrigation. only people to have calendars.delta, marshy triangular area with fertile silt.

daily life-pharaohs-government officials ~ nobles and priests- soldiers-scribes-merchants-artisans-farmers-slaves and servants. artisans would carve statues and reliefs showing military battles and scenes in the afterlife. used barter system. trading and bargaining. then went to a money system, scribes kept records, told stories, wrote poems described anatomy and medical treatments.

pharaohs

gods and goddesses

pyramid- the Great Sphinx of Giza- 2555-2532BC- lion body with human head-oldest monumental statue in the world.

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